A sudden change or occurrence in moods and emotions

Burst out

If you burst into tears, laughter, or song, you suddenly begin to cry, laugh, or sing.

- If anyone said anything to upset me I'd burst out crying

Burst into

To suddenly begin to make a sound, especially to start singing, crying, or laughing.

She burst into a fresh flood of tears

She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen.
...books that cause adults to burst into helpless laughter.

- burst into applause/cheers

Break into

To begin suddenly:

- The child broke into a flood of tears/a run/smile/a loud applause/a song/apologize.

Erupt into
to suddenly start laughing, shouting etc.

- He erupted into loud, desperate sobs.

- The crowd erupted in applause and cheering.

- Her husband erupted in fury.

- The audience erupted into laughter

Explode into

If someone explodes, they express strong feelings suddenly and violently.

- The children exploded into giggles (= suddenly started laughing uncontrollably).

- There was an explosion of applause from the audience at the end of the performance.

- He exploded into a screaming, kicking rage
- Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her?...
- later the same day, he exploded in a paroxysm of rage which continued for half an hour.

 Paroxysm

A sudden, very strong occurrence of an emotion.

- He exploded in a paroxysm of rage.

- He broke into a paroxysm of weeping/ grief.

- In a sudden paroxysm of jealousy he threw her clothes out of the window.

Gust

If you feel a gust of emotion, you feel the emotion suddenly and intensely.

- ...a small gust of pleasure/temper.

- Gusts of laughter came from the next door room.

Outburst

A sudden release of strong emotion:

-  An angry outburst from the prime minister.

- Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss

- A spontaneous outburst of cheers and applause.

- An outburst of violent emotion

 Fit of

A sudden outburst of emotion: a short time during which you laugh or cough a lot in a way that you cannot control a strong sudden physical or emotional reaction you cannot control, for example coughing or laughing:

- She hit him in a fit of anger.

- Pattie shot Tom in a fit of jealous rage.

- The girls collapsed into a fit of the giggles.
- We were all in fits of laughter trying to clear up the mess.

- A fit of rage/jealousy/panic: She smashed the plate in a fit of rage.

- Everyone collapsed in fits of laughter.
 

Burst of

A sudden short period of emotion. A sudden strong feeling or emotion

- Burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper/applause/laughter

-  A sudden burst of enthusiasm

Storm

A strong or violent sudden outburst, as of emotion or excitement:

- A storm of tear/protests/criticism.

- His speech was greeted with a storm of applause...