Monday, June 15, 2009

particularly vs. In particular

particularly and in particular are both almost the same in meaning ,but there are some shadow of differences in meaning and usage which I try to clear up here :

1- Particularly is applied to mean To a distinctly or an unusually greater extent or degree than is common ,more than other things:

In this sense the adverb like"especially" comes with adjectives,too:

- I like all her novels,but her latest is particularly good.
- She's particularly fussy about her shoes.
- A particularly dry summer.
- I particularly like his red car.

"In particular" is not used to modify adjectives, adverbs or verbs.So ,in the above sentences the idiom can not be substituted for"particularly".

2-It is used to mean specifically or specially distinguished from others,or with particular reference and emphasis:

- Iran produces good quality carpets,particularly in Kashan.
- I often do absent-minded things,particularly when I'm worried.

In this use ,Particularly can be used with when or if.

- It's often difficult to find a safe place to go jogging ,particularly if you live in a big city.
- It was hard for children ,particularly when they were ill.

2-In particular is an expression which means Specifically or especially distinguished from others :

- I enjoyed the exhibition. In particular, I liked the impressionist paintings. or .... I liked the impressionist paintings in particular. or I enjoyed the exhibition, and in particular, I liked the impressionist paintings. or I enjoyed the exhibition, and in particular, the impressionist paintings.

As you saw I the sentences,"in particular" is usually separated by a comma in a sentence.

Notice that "in particular" unlike "particularly" can crop up at the beginning of the sentence:

- In particular,(not particularly) She was upset about the bad interdepartmental communication.

Particularly can appear in initial position of a supportive clause,see No.2.
In Particular is used to mean special or specific,in this case, "anything,something,nothing,no one in particular"are commonly heard:

- Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.
- Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner?
- She directed the question at no one in particular.
- Are you looking for anything in particular?

3- If you want to use "in particular" in a sentence with an adjective ,it comes before the verb "to be":

- The situation in Sudan in particular is (particularly) worrying.
- The whole meal was good but the fish in particular was (particularly) excellent.







0 comments:

Post a Comment